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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Effective Analysis of Human Exposure Conditions with Body-worn Dosimeters in the 2.4 GHz Band
Published on: May 2, 2018
Design and Analysis of a Smart Watch Antenna Operating in the 2.4 GHz Band
Łukasz Januszkiewicz1, Remigiusz Danych2, Maciej Łaski2
1Institute of Electronics, Faculty of Electrical, Electronic, Computer and Control Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
Abstract:
This paper presents the design of an inverted-F antenna intended for integration into a smartwatch operating in the 2.4 GHz band. The antenna design addresses spatial constraints imposed by the device's miniaturized form factor and the proximity of electronic components, including the printed circuit board, display, and battery. The influence of the user's body on the antenna's performance characteristics was considered during the design phase through numerical simulations employing the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method with a heterogeneous human body model. Simulation results and measurements of a fabricated prototype antenna are presented, demonstrating satisfactory performance in terms of impedance matching with VSWR below 1.5 in the whole band and gain of -1 dBi.
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