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Related Concept Videos

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
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Epistasis01:39

Epistasis

In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...
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The stress response system, also known as the fight-or-flight response, is the body's automatic physiological reaction to perceived threats. Hans Selye introduced the concept of General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) to describe the predictable pattern of changes that occur in response to stress. GAS consists of three sequential stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. This model helps explain how chronic stress can contribute to health problems.
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Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss01:57

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

High Throughput Image-Based Phenotyping for Determining Morphological and Physiological Responses to Single and Combined Stresses in Potato
06:28

High Throughput Image-Based Phenotyping for Determining Morphological and Physiological Responses to Single and Combined Stresses in Potato

Published on: June 7, 2024

Anthocyanin-Driven Dark Phenotypes in Stress Adaptation.

Chuzheng Zhang1, Chenhao Wang1, Zishan Ahmad1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Bamboo Research Institute, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anthocyanin-driven dark phenotype (ADP) is a stress response involving pigment accumulation and cellular reprogramming. Understanding this complex regulatory state is key for developing stress-resilient crops.

Keywords:
MBW regulatory complexanthocyanin-driven dark phenotype (ADP)epigenetic regulationplant stress adaptation

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Measurements of Physiological Stress Responses in C. Elegans
10:36

Measurements of Physiological Stress Responses in C. Elegans

Published on: May 21, 2020

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

High Throughput Image-Based Phenotyping for Determining Morphological and Physiological Responses to Single and Combined Stresses in Potato
06:28

High Throughput Image-Based Phenotyping for Determining Morphological and Physiological Responses to Single and Combined Stresses in Potato

Published on: June 7, 2024

Measurements of Physiological Stress Responses in C. Elegans
10:36

Measurements of Physiological Stress Responses in C. Elegans

Published on: May 21, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Anthocyanin accumulation is linked to plant stress responses.
  • The anthocyanin-driven dark phenotype (ADP) involves coordinated cellular and regulatory changes.
  • MYB-bHLH-WD40 networks integrate pigment biosynthesis with stress adaptation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Define the anthocyanin-driven dark phenotype (ADP) as a coordinated stress-responsive state.
  • Elucidate the regulatory networks governing ADP.
  • Identify knowledge gaps for translating ADP into crop development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on anthocyanin accumulation and plant stress.
  • Analysis of regulatory networks (MYB-bHLH-WD40).
  • Discussion of epigenetic and post-transcriptional regulation.

Main Results:

  • ADP is a systems-level regulatory state, not just pigment abundance.
  • Converging signals (ROS, sugar, temperature, hormones) influence ADP.
  • Epigenetic and post-transcriptional modifications impact pigment intensity.

Conclusions:

  • ADP involves coordinated transcriptional, hormonal, and epigenetic control.
  • Further research is needed on phenotypic stability, stress memory, and growth trade-offs.
  • Spatial omics and CRISPR engineering offer new avenues for ADP research and crop improvement.