Medicinal Plant-Derived Exosome-like Nanoparticles: From Basic Research to Biomedical Applications

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Nanotechnology
• Plant Biology

Background:

• Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PELNs) are extracellular vesicles (EVs) from plant cells.
• PELNs possess a phospholipid bilayer containing bioactive molecules like proteins and nucleic acids.
• Their natural structure provides enhanced bioavailability and tissue penetration.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in PELN research.
• To summarize isolation techniques, molecular characterization, and therapeutic applications of PELNs.
• To discuss challenges and future perspectives for PELN clinical translation.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent studies on PELNs.
• Analysis of PELN isolation and characterization methods.
• Evaluation of PELN applications in biomedicine, agriculture, and nanotechnology.

Main Results:

• PELNs exhibit cross-kingdom therapeutic potential in mammals, including antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects.
• Advancements in isolation and characterization are enabling diverse applications.
• PELNs show promise for drug delivery and disease therapy.

Conclusions:

• PELNs are versatile biomaterials with significant therapeutic potential.
• Standardization, scalability, and regulatory frameworks are key challenges for clinical translation.
• Further research can unlock the full potential of PELNs in various industries.