Broad Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2: Current Progress and Engineering Strategies

Area of Science:

• Virology
• Immunology
• Biotechnology

Background:

• SARS-CoV-2 mutations necessitate continuous development of effective vaccines and therapeutics.
• Neutralizing antibodies are crucial for preventing and controlling viral spread but require adaptation to viral evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review strategies for developing SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies with high potency and mutation tolerance.
• To provide an integrated perspective on various antibody-based approaches for antiviral development.

Main Methods:

• Review of conventional antibodies targeting distinct S protein epitopes.
• Exploration of novel antibody formats: nanobodies, antibody cocktails, multi-specific antibodies.
• Discussion of engineering approaches, including artificial intelligence-enabled optimization.

Main Results:

• Various antibody-based strategies demonstrate distinct advantages for targeting SARS-CoV-2.
• Research focuses on achieving both high neutralizing potency and tolerance to viral mutations.
• AI and novel formats offer promising avenues for enhanced antibody therapies.

Conclusions:

• Diverse antibody engineering strategies are vital for overcoming SARS-CoV-2 mutations.
• Continued innovation in antibody formats and optimization is essential for effective antiviral therapies.
• An integrated view supports the ongoing development of potent and mutation-tolerant neutralizing antibodies.