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Determinants of Dengue Serotype Shifts: A Narrative Multifactorial Perspective
Jeyanthi Suppiah1, Sakshaleni Rajendiran2, Siti Aishah Rashid2
1Virology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia.
Viruses
|June 26, 2026
Summary
Dengue virus (DENV) serotype shifts, linked to outbreaks, result from complex interactions. Population immunity, viral factors, and environment drive these changes, impacting disease severity and forecasting.
Area of Science:
- * Epidemiology and Virology
- * Immunology and Ecology
Background:
- * Dengue virus (DENV) exists as four serotypes, with dominance shifts often preceding major outbreaks and increased disease severity.
- * Serotype shifts are a complex phenomenon observed in endemic regions, influencing public health responses.
Purpose of the Study:
- * To synthesize evidence from epidemiological, virological, immunological, entomological, and environmental studies.
- * To elucidate the multifactorial determinants driving DENV serotype shifts.
Main Methods:
- * Comprehensive review and synthesis of global dengue studies.
- * Analysis of interactions between population immunity, viral characteristics, vector competence, and environmental/human factors.
Main Results:
- * Serotype shifts are driven by interactions of multiple factors, with population immunity playing a key role.
- * Immune dynamics, viral diversity, vector competence, climate, and human factors interact to cause cyclical serotype dominance changes.
- * Serotype shifts often correlate with increased clinical severity and outbreak patterns.
Conclusions:
- * DENV serotype shifts result from interconnected biological and ecological processes in hyperendemic areas.
- * Understanding these dynamics is crucial for accurate outbreak forecasting, vaccine efficacy assessment, and public health preparedness.
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