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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such as Proteus,...
Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography01:22

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...

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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis
06:09

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Published on: July 18, 2017

Vascular Involvement in Emphysematous Pyelonephritis.

Dana Greenberg1, Ronen Rub1, Rami Mattar1

  • 1Urology Department, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel, hy.health.gov.il.

Case Reports in Urology
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Emphysematous pyelonephritis, a severe kidney infection with gas, can extend into blood vessels. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing this life-threatening condition.

Keywords:
diabetes mellitusemphysematous pyelonephritisurinary tract infection

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Published on: September 27, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vascular Surgery

Background:

  • Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a rare, severe necrotizing infection of the kidney characterized by gas formation.
  • Gas extension into adjacent vascular structures, such as the inferior vena cava, indicates a more severe disease state.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnosis and treatment of emphysematous pyelonephritis, particularly when gas extends into vascular structures.
  • To highlight the importance of prompt clinical attention and intervention.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on cases of emphysematous pyelonephritis with vascular involvement.
  • Analysis of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Emphysematous pyelonephritis with vascular extension is a rare but critical presentation.
  • Timely diagnosis and intervention are paramount for patient survival and outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt recognition and management are essential for emphysematous pyelonephritis, especially with vascular invasion.
  • Further research into optimal treatment protocols for complicated cases is warranted.