Annual transitions in nutrition, training, and interpersonal relationships of Japan's national champion university...

This study aimed to describe year-to-year transitions in nutrition-related behaviors, training practices, lifestyle indicators, and psychosocial factors among athletes in an elite Japanese university rowing program over a 6-year period (2018-2023). The objective was to characterize team-level seasonal patterns using a repeated cross-sectional approach.

Anonymous questionnaires were administered annually after the competitive season (excluding 2021). All questionnaire items were assessed using either a 0-100 visual analogue scale (VAS) or open numerical responses. Descriptive statistics were calculated for each year and sex. Year-to-year differences were examined using one-way ANOVA, followed by Games-Howell post hoc tests to account for unequal variances and sample sizes. Effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals were reported. Because some athletes may have participated in multiple years, all analyses were interpreted within a repeated cross-sectional framework.

A total of 152 male and 59 female athletes participated across the five survey years. Several variables showed significant year-to-year differences, including body composition satisfaction, performance satisfaction, and training frequency, with patterns differing by sex. Female athletes exhibited markedly higher bodyweight and weight-training frequency in 2018 compared with later years. Many other variables-such as strength, power, endurance satisfaction, lifestyle regularity, supplement literacy, and psychosocial indicators-showed descriptive but non-significant fluctuations across seasons.

This repeated cross-sectional analysis revealed substantial annual variation in nutritional behaviors, training exposure, lifestyle indicators, and psychosocial factors within a nationally competitive collegiate rowing program. The findings highlight the practical value of multidomain, team-level monitoring in environments characterized by high roster turnover, while emphasizing the descriptive and non-causal nature of the observed patterns.