Patient-centered communication in home-based dementia caregivers: A concept analysis

This study aimed to clarify and analyze the concept of Patient-Centered Communication (PCC) among home-based dementia caregivers. Although patient centered communication is recognized as a cornerstone of quality dementia care, its defining attributes, antecedents, consequences, and empirical referents remain poorly delineated in the context of home-based caregiving.

A concept analysis using the Walker and Avant (2019) eight-step framework was employed to systematically examine the structure and meaning of PCC within home-based dementia care.

Relevant peer-reviewed studies published between 2009 and 2025 were identified through an integrative literature review of major databases. Fifteen studies meeting inclusion criteria were analyzed to extract definitions, defining attributes, antecedents, consequences, and empirical referents of patient centered communication.

Seven defining attributes of patient centered communication were identified: cognitive-appropriate communication, active listening, empathy, non-verbal sensitivity, compassion, individualization, and respect for autonomy. Antecedents included progressive cognitive decline, communication difficulties, caregiver knowledge and skills, and the need for emotional expression. Consequences of patient centered communication were enhanced emotional well-being, improved communication effectiveness, reduced agitation and anxiety, increased participation in care, and improved quality of life.

Patient-centered communication is a multidimensional, relational approach that helps preserve personhood, dignity, and emotional safety for individuals with dementia in home care. Clarifying its key attributes offers a basis for designing communication training, improving caregiver education, and shaping dementia care policies that support compassionate, person-centered practice.