Current Approach to Keloid Management

Keloids are benign skin tumors resulting from deregulated wound healing processes, characterized by fibroblast hyperactivity, increased collagen deposition, and resistance to apoptosis. These lesions extend beyond the original wound borders and often cause significant physical and psychological burdens, including pain, pruritus, and reduced self-esteem. Despite advancements in medical science, keloid management remains a challenge due to the lack of standardized treatment protocols and the high recurrence rates associated with many therapeutic options. This review examines the efficacy and limitations of existing treatment modalities, including silicone gel sheets, antifibrotic agents, intralesional injections, cryotherapy, radiotherapy, laser therapies, surgical excision, and combination therapies. Emerging approaches, such as botulinum toxin, antihypertensives, platelet-rich plasma, and others, are also discussed. This article underscores the need for large-scale, high-quality studies focusing exclusively on keloids to refine treatment algorithms and advance therapeutic strategies.