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Quantifying Learning in Young Infants: Tracking Leg Actions During a Discovery-learning Task
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Exploring the Action-Perception Loop in Children Born Very Preterm: Associations Between Biological Motion

Martin Johansson1,2, Cecilia Montgomery3,4,5, Ylva Fredriksson Kaul3,6,5

  • 1Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden. martin.p.johansson@uu.se.

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Children born very preterm (VPT) show deficits in biological motion (BM) perception and motor skills, impacting social functioning. These impairments are linked to internalizing and social difficulties, offering insights into neurodevelopmental conditions.

Keywords:
Biological motionEarly adolescenceEveryday social abilityInternalizing problemsMotor coordination abilityVery preterm

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Children born very preterm (VPT) face higher risks for neurodevelopmental issues affecting social, motor, and perceptual skills, overlapping with autism spectrum disorder profiles.
  • Biological motion (BM) perception, crucial for interpreting social cues from movement, may link early motor/perceptual development to later social-emotional outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between biological motion (BM) perception, motor coordination, and behavioral outcomes in very preterm (VPT) children.
  • To explore how deficits in BM perception and motor skills in VPT children relate to social functioning and internalizing symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Examined 64 VPT and 31 full-term (FT) children (mean age 12 years) using eye-tracking for BM perception (detecting point-light walkers).
  • Assessed motor coordination with the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2nd Edition and behavioral outcomes with the Child Behavior Checklist.

Main Results:

  • VPT children exhibited poorer BM perception, motor coordination, and more internalizing/social difficulties compared to FT peers.
  • In VPT children, impaired motor skills correlated with reduced social competence and increased internalizing symptoms; lower BM perception was linked to internalizing symptoms.
  • Combined deficits in BM perception and motor skills were associated with heightened anxiety and social withdrawal in VPT children.

Conclusions:

  • Findings underscore the interaction between perceptual-motor functions and socio-emotional development in VPT children.
  • These associations suggest developmental pathways increasing vulnerability to social-emotional challenges, relevant to autism and other neurodevelopmental conditions.