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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...
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Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis. This...

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Coupling a ^{73}Ge Nuclear Spin to an Electrostatically Defined Quantum Dot in Silicon.

Paul Steinacker1,2, Gauri Goenka1, Rocky Yue Su1

  • 1University of New South Wales, School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.

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Researchers coupled a germanium-73 nuclear spin to a silicon quantum dot, enabling tunable hyperfine interactions for quantum information processing. This work advances quantum computing and entanglement distribution.

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Published on: January 19, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Quantum Computing
  • Solid-State Physics
  • Quantum Information Science

Background:

  • Single nuclear spins in silicon offer long coherence times and high control fidelities for quantum technologies.
  • Previous work encoded qubits and qudits on phosphorus-31 and antimony-123 nuclei.
  • Isoelectronic nuclear spins, like silicon-29, coupled to quantum dots avoid charge issues and preserve nuclear spin coherence during electron shuttling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the coupling of a spin-9/2 germanium-73 nuclear spin to a gate-defined quantum dot in a silicon-on-insulator (SiMOS) platform.
  • To investigate the hyperfine interaction (HFI) between the nuclear spin and the coupled electron.
  • To establish a foundation for future quantum control experiments using nuclear spins as qudits.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Pauli spin blockade readout via radiofrequency (rf) reflectometry to detect the nuclear spin state.
  • Employed gate voltage tuning to modify the hyperfine interaction strength.
  • Integrated a spin-9/2 germanium-73 nuclear spin with a gate-defined quantum dot in a SiMOS structure.

Main Results:

  • Successfully demonstrated the coupling between the germanium-73 nuclear spin and the quantum dot electron.
  • Observed and tuned the hyperfine interaction (HFI) from 180 to 350 kHz by adjusting gate voltages.
  • Achieved faster readout and smaller HFI, facilitating quantum non-demolition readout of the nuclear spin state.

Conclusions:

  • The demonstrated coupling and tunable HFI pave the way for using spin-9/2 germanium-73 as a qudit in quantum information processing.
  • This work enables future experiments on spin control, entanglement distribution between distant nuclear spins, and repeated weak measurements.