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Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions of Large Language Models in Health Care Communication: Scoping

Jing Chang1, Ruotong Peng2, Xi Chen1

  • 1Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China.

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Large language models (LLMs) are transforming health care communication by enabling dynamic interactions and optimizing workflows. Despite challenges in reliability and adoption, LLMs show significant potential for improving patient and clinician communication.

Keywords:
communication accommodation theorydigital healthhealth care communicationlarge language modelsscoping review

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Informatics
  • Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
  • Health Communication

Background:

  • Effective health care communication is vital but faces significant obstacles.
  • Large language models (LLMs) present opportunities to enhance medical communication quality.
  • This review addresses the lack of published research on LLMs in health care communication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the applications of LLMs in health care communication.
  • To identify and analyze the challenges associated with LLM implementation in healthcare.
  • To outline future research directions for LLM-enhanced health communication.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a comprehensive literature search across major databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library) from January 2018 to November 2025.
  • Adhered to PRISMA-ScR and PRISMA-S guidelines for systematic scoping reviews.
  • Analyzed 96 eligible studies using communication accommodation theory to map LLM applications, challenges, and future directions.

Main Results:

  • Identified four key LLM application patterns: transforming medical information (30 studies), facilitating dynamic interaction (38), empowering communication capabilities (10), and optimizing clinical workflows (18).
  • Observed a shift in LLM roles from static information processing to dynamic intelligent interaction in health care.
  • Highlighted significant heterogeneity in current evaluation methods and persistent challenges including technical reliability, social trust, access barriers, and clinical integration.

Conclusions:

  • This scoping review systematically maps LLM applications in health care communication using communication accommodation theory.
  • LLM-powered health care communication is in early, rapid development with substantial innovation potential.
  • Future research should prioritize model optimization, ethical governance, human-machine collaboration, and empirical validation for responsible LLM deployment.