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Ultrasonic guided wave damage imaging using the time difference coefficient between direct and scattered waves.

Xiaoqiang Xu1, Zhiwen Tan2, Chengwei Zhao1

  • 1College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China; Hunan Province University Key Laboratory of Intelligent Testing and Control Technology for Engineering Equipment, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China.

Ultrasonics
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new ultrasonic guided wave (UGW) method using the time difference coefficient (TDC) for accurate damage imaging, even with wave speed uncertainty. The TDC approach improves localization accuracy for structural health monitoring.

Keywords:
Damage imagingDamage indexStructural health monitoring (SHM)Ultrasonic guided wave (UGW)

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Non-destructive Testing

Background:

  • Damage imaging using ultrasonic guided waves (UGW) faces challenges due to wave speed uncertainty and dispersion.
  • Accurate detection and localization of damage are critical for structural health monitoring (SHM).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and validate a novel UGW damage imaging method based on the time difference coefficient (TDC).
  • To enhance damage imaging by integrating amplitude and instantaneous phase information.
  • To assess the performance of the TDC method against existing techniques under various damage scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a TDC method that analyzes an amplitude-phase product signal derived from UGW data.
  • Determined wave arrival-time differences using the slope change of peak values in the product signal, independent of wave speed.
  • Integrated the TDC with the reconstruction algorithm for probabilistic inspection of damage (RAPID) for imaging.
  • Conducted numerical simulations and experimental tests on aluminum plates with through-hole damages.

Main Results:

  • The TDC method achieved a localization error of less than 3.54 mm.
  • Outperformed conventional methods like signal difference coefficient (SDC), energy damage index (EDI), and root mean square error (RMSE) in accuracy.
  • Demonstrated improved tolerance to moderate dispersion and boundary reflections.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed TDC method offers superior damage localization accuracy for UGW-based SHM.
  • The method provides a practical and robust tool for detecting and imaging damage in structures.
  • It effectively addresses challenges posed by wave speed uncertainty and signal dispersion.