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Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Qualitative and Comparative Cortical Activity Data Analyses from a Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Experiment Applying Block Design
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Exploring brain activity differences in functional constipation using fNIRS: a case-control study.

Weishuyi Ruan1,2, Fangchao Wu1,2, Zhiping Liao1,2

  • 1Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.

Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Functional constipation (FCon) involves brain-gut interaction dysregulation. This study used fNIRS to show task-specific cortical activity patterns in FCon patients, suggesting potential neuromodulation targets.

Keywords:
Anal sphincter contractionFunctional constipationFunctional near-infrared spectroscopyImagined defecationSimulated defecation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gastroenterology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Functional constipation (FCon) is linked to central nervous system dysregulation affecting visceral sensation, emotion, and autonomic control.
  • Brain-gut interactions are crucial in FCon, with altered brain activity potentially underlying the condition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate brain activity alterations in FCon patients using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).
  • To elucidate brain-gut interactions in FCon by examining cortical activity during defecation-related tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 64 FCon patients (Rome IV criteria) and 64 healthy controls.
  • Utilized fNIRS to monitor cortical activity in regions like PFC, DLPFC, Broca's area, M1, SMA/PMC, and S1.
  • Compared functional connectivity and regional brain activation (HbO changes) during resting state and three tasks: imagined, simulated defecation, and anal sphincter contraction.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference in average functional connectivity between FCon patients and controls.
  • Simulated defecation and anal sphincter contraction activated brain regions more strongly than imagined defecation in both groups.
  • FCon patients exhibited trends of lower HbO in sensorimotor areas and altered HbO patterns in prefrontal regions across tasks, contrasting with task-appropriate modulation in controls.

Conclusions:

  • This fNIRS study highlights task-specific cortical dysregulation in FCon.
  • Observed trends and dynamic patterns suggest sensorimotor and prefrontal cortex as targets for neuromodulation therapies in FCon.
  • Identified potential brain-based mechanisms contributing to FCon, paving the way for novel therapeutic strategies.