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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Ocular Kinematics Measured by In Vitro Stimulation of the Cranial Nerves in the Turtle
10:49

Ocular Kinematics Measured by In Vitro Stimulation of the Cranial Nerves in the Turtle

Published on: June 2, 2018

Association between dynamic pupil parameters and corneal sub-basal nerve plexus morphology.

Wenyan Zhou1,2, Zhiyu Zhang1, Haozhe Yu1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.

Documenta Ophthalmologica. Advances in Ophthalmology
|June 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

In immune-related dry eye disease, reduced corneal nerves correlate with impaired pupil responses. Dynamic pupillometry offers functional insights into corneal nerve damage.

Keywords:
Dynamic pupillaryImmune-related dry eye diseaseCornea nerve

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Corneal Sensitivity Testing Procedure for Ophthalmologic and Optometric Patients
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Published on: August 2, 2024

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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Ocular Kinematics Measured by In Vitro Stimulation of the Cranial Nerves in the Turtle
10:49

Ocular Kinematics Measured by In Vitro Stimulation of the Cranial Nerves in the Turtle

Published on: June 2, 2018

Corneal Sensitivity Testing Procedure for Ophthalmologic and Optometric Patients
04:00

Corneal Sensitivity Testing Procedure for Ophthalmologic and Optometric Patients

Published on: August 2, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Dry eye disease (DED) significantly impacts ocular surface health.
  • Immune-related DED involves complex inflammatory processes affecting corneal nerves.
  • Corneal nerve alterations can manifest in functional deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between dynamic pupillometry measures and corneal sub-basal nerve morphology in immune-related DED.
  • To assess if pupillary reflex parameters correlate with in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM)-derived nerve metrics.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 28 patients with immune-related DED.
  • IVCM used to quantify corneal nerve fiber length density (CNFL), intensity, and tortuosity.
  • Automated pupillometry measured dynamic pupillary light reflexes (pupil size, constriction/dilation velocities).

Main Results:

  • Significant positive correlations found between CNFL and baseline pupil size, recovery pupil size, and total contraction/dilation time.
  • CNFL independently predicted baseline pupil diameter, even after adjusting for age and gender.

Conclusions:

  • Structural changes in corneal nerves are reflected in functional pupillary dynamics.
  • Dynamic pupillometry may serve as a complementary tool to assess corneal nerve alterations in immune-related DED.