The value of neutrophil to high-density lipoprotein ratio in anti-NMDAR encephalitis

This study aimed to investigate the association of the neutrophil to high-density lipoprotein ratio (NHR) with disease severity and short-term prognosis at discharge in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis patients.

A retrospective study enrolled 186 patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis, who were stratified by mRS and CASE to identify independent influencing factors for disease severity and short-term prognosis at discharge. Multivariate regression models including these independent influencing factors were established to assess disease severity and predict short-term prognosis at discharge. Receiver operating characteristic curves, bootstrap, concordance index, calibration curves, and Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test were used to evaluate the generalization ability of these models. The train set, test set, and validation set were used to verify the generalization ability of these models. Spearman's correlation analysis was applied to investigate the correlation between CASE and mRS.

Anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients were assessed by mRS and CASE, and were grouped separately. Both results indicated that NHR was a predictor of disease severity and short-term prognosis. The regression models established based on NHR and other independent influencing factors exhibited good discrimination, accuracy, and generalization ability in disease severity assessment and short-term prognosis prediction. Statistical analysis demonstrated that CASE was positively correlated with mRS.

NHR had potential clinical value in the assessment of disease severity at admission and prediction of short-term prognosis at discharge in anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients. CASE, a dedicated scale for autoimmune encephalitis, was positively correlated with mRS.