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Related Concept Videos

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:17

Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
Bronchodilators, the first step of respiration enhancement, come in various forms, each with its own mechanism...
Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Upper Respiratory Drugs: Decongestants01:27

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Decongestants

Decongestants are a class of medications used primarily to alleviate nasal congestion, a common symptom resulting from allergies, colds, sinusitis, and other upper respiratory tract infections. These drugs work by activating α-adrenergic receptors, constricting small blood vessels in the nasal membranes. This action results in the opening of clogged nasal passages, thereby facilitating sinus drainage and relieving congestion.
Most decongestants are readily available over-the-counter in various...
Common Respiratory Disorders01:31

Common Respiratory Disorders

Respiratory disorders, a prevalent health concern globally, are generally divided into two primary categories: upper and lower respiratory tract disorders. The categorization is based on the area of the respiratory system they affect.
Upper respiratory disorders impact the airways above the vocal cords, encompassing areas like the nose, sinuses, and throat. Various conditions fall under this category, including the common cold and allergic rhinitis. These disorders can stem from several causes,...
Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics01:23

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics

Respiratory symptoms, such as congestion and cough, commonly accompany respiratory tract conditions. Various medications, such as antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics, play crucial roles in providing relief.
Antitussives include codeine, dextromethorphan (Robitussin), and benzonatate (Tessalon). Codeine and dextromethorphan exert their effects centrally by suppressing the cough reflex center in the medulla.  Benzonatate operates peripherally within the respiratory tract by anesthetizing...

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Acupoint Catgut Embedding Therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Managing Allergic Rhinitis
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Published on: December 20, 2024

Remission and Meaningful Outcomes in Chronic Rhinitis and Rhinosinusitis.

Martin Wagenmann1, Francesca Gehrt1, Kathrin Scheckenbach1

  • 1Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany.

Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology : Official Publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology
|June 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Achieving remission, defined as stable disease inactivity, is a promising goal for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and other upper airway diseases. Further research and standardized definitions are needed to optimize treatment strategies.

Keywords:
Allergic rhinitisBiologic therapyChronic rhinosinusitisDisease controlRemission

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Immunology
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Chronic rhinitis and rhinosinusitis, particularly chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), significantly impact patient quality of life.
  • Current treatment paradigms focus on response and control, but remission offers a more durable and patient-centered goal.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the concept of remission and related meaningful outcomes in chronic rhinitis and rhinosinusitis.
  • To evaluate the achievability and assessment of remission in CRSwNP, especially with biologic therapies.
  • To discuss the implications of remission for long-term management and future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current conceptual frameworks for treatment response, disease control, and remission.
  • Analysis of real-world studies on biologic therapy in CRSwNP, focusing on reported remission rates.
  • Discussion of objective assessment methods for disease activity, including nasal endoscopy.

Main Results:

  • Remission is achievable in a subset of CRSwNP patients treated with biologics, but reported rates vary due to inconsistent definitions and study designs.
  • Objective assessment of disease activity, primarily via nasal endoscopy, is crucial for evaluating remission.
  • Remission in allergic rhinitis is conceptually desirable but lacks operationalized outcome measures beyond symptom control.

Conclusions:

  • Remission represents an evolving and promising treatment target for upper airway diseases like CRSwNP.
  • Standardized definitions, prospective validation, and dedicated research are essential for operationalizing remission as a clinical goal.
  • Understanding remission can guide long-term management, patient-centered care, and de-escalation strategies.