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Related Concept Videos

Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
The Colloidal State01:29

The Colloidal State

The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called the...
Colloids03:22

Colloids

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
Coagulation01:06

Coagulation

Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
Optimizing Chromatographic Separations01:15

Optimizing Chromatographic Separations

Optimizing chromatographic separations is crucial for obtaining clean separations in a minimum amount of time. Optimization is required for several factors, including kinetic effects related to band broadening, plate height, capacity factor, and separation factor.
Band broadening refers to spreading solute bands as they travel through the column. This broadening can impact resolution. Plate height (H) represents the length required for one theoretical plate. A lower plate height corresponds to...
Centrifugation01:05

Centrifugation

Centrifugation is a separation technique based on differences in density or size. It is commonly used to separate solids from aqueous interferents. During centrifugation, the sample is placed in centrifugation tubes and spun at high angular velocity, which allows centrifugal force to act differentially on the different densities or masses of the components. After spinning, the supernatant liquid is decanted. Depending on the specific application, either the pellet or the supernatant is retained...

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Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids
09:26

Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids

Published on: April 22, 2016

Optimizing Stratification in Binary Colloidal Supraparticles.

Frederic Rudlof1, Silas Wolf2, Sonja Schaller1

  • 1Institute of Interfaces and Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|June 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stratified binary supraparticles achieve optimal internal structures. Researchers found specific size ratios and volume fractions maximize stratification, crucial for designing advanced functional materials.

Keywords:
CFD‐DEM simulationdiffusiophoresisspray‐dryingstructure formationsupraparticles

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Colloid Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Stratified binary supraparticles are key for advanced applications like photonics and drug delivery.
  • Predicting the degree of stratification based on particle size and composition is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify stratification in spray-dried binary supraparticles.
  • To identify optimal conditions for maximal stratification.
  • To understand the underlying mechanisms driving stratification.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image analysis.
  • Employed confocal microscopy for stratification quantification.
  • Performed computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method (CFD-DEM) simulations.

Main Results:

  • Maximal stratification occurs at specific size ratios (around 3-5) and volume fractions, not necessarily with increasing size ratios.
  • Stratification trends are dependent on the relative volume fractions of small particles.
  • Simulations revealed stratification mechanisms: small particle migration at low concentrations and colloidal diffusiophoresis at high concentrations.

Conclusions:

  • Established a framework for predicting and designing supraparticle internal structures.
  • Demonstrated that optimal stratification depends on a balance of size ratio and volume fraction.
  • Provided insights into the physical mechanisms governing stratification in binary colloidal mixtures.