Reconstructing birth histories using linked household data and the 1911 Census fertility survey

Full birth histories that enable analysis of mothers' ages at birth and birth intervals by parity are rare in historical data. Partial birth histories can be obtained from retrospective fertility surveys and census data that record the numbers of children ever born, children deceased, and ages of surviving co-resident children. In a 1988 article published in Population Studies, Luther and Cho proposed a method for reconstructing full birth histories by probabilistically imputing the ages of deceased and non-co-resident children, and in a 2020 article in Historical Methods, Hacker extended this method to historical census data from the United States. In this paper I further adapt the reconstruction method using a sample from the 1911 Census of England and Wales and census records linked from 1881 onwards; this reduces the number of missing observations in the partial birth histories. Birth histories based on linked data particularly improve estimates of duration-specific marital fertility for women who married and had children more than 15 years before the survey date.