Optimizing Radiology Workflow: A Multilevel Approach From Department Design to Workstation Ergonomics

Radiological practice is characterized by a high cognitive workload and is influenced by environmental and organizational factors. This narrative review, based on a structured PubMed literature search, evaluates the role of radiology department design in shaping clinical workflow and improving service quality. Evidence supports a multilevel approach to department design. Structured layouts separating patient, mixed, and staff-only areas can optimize workflow, while "sterile reading rooms" reduce interruptions and improve diagnostic performance. Patient-centered interventions, including optimized waiting environments and clear informational materials, reduce anxiety and improve care perception. Radiologist-focused strategies, such as ergonomic workstations and optimized lighting, help reduce fatigue and musculoskeletal disorders. In conclusion, integrating architectural, environmental, and ergonomic interventions can improve workflow efficiency, patient experience, and diagnostic safety.