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Published on: June 25, 2015
Trivalent mRNA-LNP Vaccine Induces Robust Humoral and Cellular Immunity in Mice: Preclinical Evaluation for Porcine
Xinfei Wang1,2, Chen Li1, Shuo Wang1
1Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
Introduction:
Porcine enteric coronaviruses (PECs) often co-infect swine, leading to high mortality, which underscores the need for multivalent vaccines.
Methods:
A trivalent mRNA vaccine was formulated using SM-102 lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and encodes PEDV-SCOE, PDCoV-SCTD, and TGEV-SAD in a single transcript. BALB/c mice were immunized intramuscularly with escalating doses (5, 10, 15, and 20 µg). Systemic IgG, mucosal IgA, neutralizing antibodies, cytokine profiles (IFN-γ, IL-4), and splenocyte proliferation were assessed. Monovalent formulations and commercial vaccines (PEDV/TGEV bivalent inactivated vaccine from Qilu Animal Health; PDCoV inactivated vaccine from Wuhan Keqian) served as controls. Data are mean ± SD (n = 5); one-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons was applied (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001).
Results:
A moderate dose (10 µg) induced systemic IgG, IFN-γ, IL-4, and splenocyte proliferation, indicating activation of both Th1 and Th2 responses. Higher dose (15 µg) preferentially enhanced mucosal IgA and neutralizing antibody responses, exceeding those induced by commercial vaccines, suggesting potential improvement in mucosal protection. Monovalent SM-102-LNP formulations also elicited robust immune responses, approaching commercial benchmarks.
Discussion:
This trivalent mRNA-LNP vaccine provides broad and potent humoral and cellular immunity in mice, supporting its potential as a platform for porcine vaccination. These results provide preclinical proof-of-concept, and further evaluation in swine is required to assess vaccine efficacy.
