Engineered cell-biomimetic nanosystems for anti-inflammatory therapy: Targeting, neutralization and immunomodulation.

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Immunology
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Inflammation is a critical immune response, but its dysregulation causes tissue damage and disease.
• Current therapies face challenges with off-target effects and inadequate dynamic control of inflammation.
• Engineered cell-biomimetic nanosystems (ECNs) present adaptable platforms for inflammation modulation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in ECNs for inflammation therapy.
• To highlight ECNs' targeting mechanisms and strategies for inflammatory intervention.
• To discuss engineering approaches for developing ECNs.

Main Methods:

• Summarizing research on ECNs, including membrane-coated nanoparticles, extracellular vesicles (ECVs), and cell-nanoparticle hybrids.
• Analyzing ECNs' capabilities in targeting inflamed tissues and interacting with the immune microenvironment.
• Discussing physical, chemical, and biological engineering strategies for cell and membrane modification.

Main Results:

• ECNs demonstrate active responses to inflammation-related targets.
• ECNs can neutralize toxins and inflammatory factors, interrupting the inflammatory cascade.
• ECNs possess immunomodulatory functions for balancing immune responses (activation or suppression).

Conclusions:

• ECNs offer innovative technological approaches for targeted drug delivery and immune regulation in inflammation therapy.
• These platforms provide precise modulation of inflammation, enhancing efficacy and reducing adverse effects.
• ECNs represent a promising frontier for developing advanced inflammation treatments.