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06:42
Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses
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PROTOCOL: Interventions Targeting Misinformation, Disinformation and Malinformation for Reducing and Countering
Cátia Moreira de Carvalho1,2,3, João Pedro Ramos4,5, Catarina Simas3
1School of Law and Governance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
Campbell Systematic Reviews
|June 29, 2026
Summary
Mis-, dis-, and malinformation (MDM) contribute to societal polarization and may facilitate radicalization. This review examines interventions to counter MDM
Area of Science:
- Social Sciences
- Psychology
- Information Science
Background:
- The rapid spread of mis-, dis-, and malinformation (MDM) exacerbates societal polarization and erodes trust in authorities.
- MDM may play a significant role in the psychosocial processes of radicalization by reframing grievances and fostering shared identities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review interventions designed to counter or mitigate the effects of false information exposure.
- To analyze the impact of these interventions on violent extremism.
- To identify gaps in current research and highlight best practices.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review synthesizing evidence from diverse methodologies and settings.
- Analysis of interventions aimed at reducing the influence of false narratives on extremist attitudes and behaviors.
Main Results:
- The review synthesizes existing evidence on interventions targeting MDM and their effectiveness in preventing radicalization.
- Identifies key themes and challenges in combating the influence of false information on violent extremism.
Conclusions:
- Findings will inform policymakers, educators, and practitioners on effective strategies to combat the harmful effects of MDM.
- Highlights actionable measures to counter false narratives and their link to violent extremist behavior.
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