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Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Development and Maintenance of a Preclinical Patient Derived Tumor Xenograft Model for the Investigation of Novel Anti-Cancer Therapies
09:29

Development and Maintenance of a Preclinical Patient Derived Tumor Xenograft Model for the Investigation of Novel Anti-Cancer Therapies

Published on: September 30, 2016

Milestones in Hereditary Colorectal Cancer Research.

Clement Richard Boland1, Matthew B Yurgelun2

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.

International Journal of Cancer
|June 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Familial gastrointestinal cancer syndromes have evolved from polyposis recognition to understanding gene mutations like APC and DNA mismatch repair. Recent advances offer novel therapeutic strategies for these hereditary cancer syndromes.

Keywords:
DNA mismatch repaircancerfamilialgastrointestinalimmune checkpoint therapytumor suppressor genes

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Last Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Development and Maintenance of a Preclinical Patient Derived Tumor Xenograft Model for the Investigation of Novel Anti-Cancer Therapies
09:29

Development and Maintenance of a Preclinical Patient Derived Tumor Xenograft Model for the Investigation of Novel Anti-Cancer Therapies

Published on: September 30, 2016

Discovery of Driver Genes in Colorectal HT29-derived Cancer Stem-Like Tumorspheres
06:52

Discovery of Driver Genes in Colorectal HT29-derived Cancer Stem-Like Tumorspheres

Published on: July 22, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Oncology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Gastrointestinal polyposis syndromes and their link to cancer were recognized centuries ago.
  • The cloning of the APC gene in 1991 advanced understanding of familial adenomatous polyposis.
  • The 1970s-1980s saw the discovery of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, revealing sequential genetic alterations in gastrointestinal tumor evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical evolution of understanding familial gastrointestinal cancer syndromes.
  • To highlight key discoveries in genetic alterations and their role in tumor development.
  • To discuss recent therapeutic advancements for hereditary gastrointestinal cancers.

Main Methods:

  • Historical review of scientific literature and discoveries.
  • Tracing the timeline of key genetic findings, including APC gene and DNA mismatch repair system.
  • Analysis of the progression of understanding from polyposis to molecular genetics and targeted therapies.

Main Results:

  • The discovery of the APC gene's role in familial adenomatous polyposis.
  • Identification of DNA mismatch repair system inactivation in hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer, revealing a distinct mutational signature.
  • Recognition of unique mutational targets and tumor development pathways.
  • Emergence of novel and effective therapeutic approaches in the 21st century.

Conclusions:

  • Significant progress in understanding familial gastrointestinal cancer syndromes over the past 50 years.
  • Rapid advancements driven by evolving technologies and research insights.
  • The evolution includes understanding genetic underpinnings and developing targeted therapies.