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Related Experiment Videos

Association Between Hospital-Based Addiction Consult Service Implementation and Hospital Length-of-Stay and 30-Day

Margaret Lowenstein1,2,3, Seiyoun Kim4, Suzy Landon4

  • 1Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Civic Center Blvd, 7th Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. margaw@pennmedicine.upenn.edu.

Journal of General Internal Medicine
|June 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Implementing an addiction consult service (ACS) improved medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) care for hospitalized patients with opioid use disorder (OUD). This enhanced evidence-based treatment without increasing hospital length-of-stay or readmissions.

Keywords:
addiction consult serviceshospital-based addiction caremedication for opioid use disorderopioid use disorderquality of care

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Hospital-based addiction medicine
  • Opioid use disorder treatment
  • Health services research

Background:

  • Addiction consult services (ACSs) are expanding hospital-based models to improve care for substance use disorders (SUDs).
  • A key concern for ACS implementation is the potential for negative financial impacts on health systems.
  • Understanding the impact of ACS on clinical and economic outcomes is crucial for wider adoption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effect of initiating an ACS on hospital length-of-stay and 30-day readmissions for patients with opioid use disorder (OUD).
  • To assess changes in the utilization of medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) among hospitalized OUD patients following ACS implementation.

Main Methods:

  • A quasi-experimental, difference-in-differences study design was employed.
  • Opioid-related hospital admissions data from January 2018 to December 2024 were analyzed.
  • One hospital implementing an ACS was compared to three similar hospitals within the same academic system that did not have an ACS.

Main Results:

  • ACS implementation was associated with increased receipt of any MOUD and higher rates of discharge on therapeutic MOUD doses.
  • No significant changes were observed in hospital length-of-stay or 30-day readmission rates post-ACS implementation.
  • Adjusted analyses confirmed an increase in therapeutic MOUD at discharge, with robust findings across sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions:

  • Implementing a hospital-based Addiction Consult Service (ACS) effectively enhances evidence-based care for hospitalized patients with Opioid Use Disorder (OUD).
  • The introduction of an ACS improved medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) treatment without adversely affecting hospital length-of-stay or readmission rates.
  • Findings support the integration of ACSs into health systems as a strategy to improve OUD care quality without negative financial implications related to length of stay or readmissions.