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Related Concept Videos

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

"Sun's Seven-Step Technique" for Endoscopic En-Bloc Resection of Thyroid Cancer via the Chest-Breast Approach
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"Sun's Seven-Step Technique" for Endoscopic En-Bloc Resection of Thyroid Cancer via the Chest-Breast Approach

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Functional Changes in the Thyroid Gland Following Bariatric Surgery.

Aliya Ishaq1, Warda Siddiqi2, Sohaib Darwish2

  • 1General Surgery, Canadian Specialist Hospital, Dubai, ARE.

Cureus
|June 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Bariatric surgery did not significantly alter thyroid function or thyroxine needs in patients, even those with hypothyroidism. Further long-term studies are recommended to confirm these findings on metabolic surgery and thyroid health.

Keywords:
hormonal changes post-bariatric surgerymetabolic changes post-bariatric surgerymetabolic effects post-gastric bypassmetabolic surgerysleeve gastrectomy and its metabolic effectsthyroid functions

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Published on: September 15, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Bariatric Surgery
  • Metabolic Health

Background:

  • Obesity impacts thyroid homeostasis.
  • Bariatric surgery improves metabolic profiles but may affect thyroid hormones (TSH, FT3, TT3).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess bariatric surgery's effect on thyroid function.
  • To evaluate changes in thyroxine requirements for patients with and without hypothyroidism post-surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 853 patients undergoing bariatric surgery (2017-2023).
  • Patients grouped by preoperative hypothyroidism status.
  • Thyroid function and thyroxine doses monitored preoperatively and at 1- and 2-year follow-ups.

Main Results:

  • Significant weight loss observed post-surgery.
  • Thyroid function tests (TSH, free T4) remained stable.
  • Minimal thyroxine dose adjustments needed in hypothyroid patients; no surgery type association.
  • No correlation between BMI reduction and thyroid hormone level changes.

Conclusions:

  • Bariatric surgery shows no significant impact on thyroid hormone levels or function.
  • Thyroxine requirements remain largely unchanged post-bariatric procedures.
  • Further long-term, multicenter research is warranted.