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Breed-specific Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes in Pediatric Dog Bite Injuries: A 14-year Retrospective Analysis.

Danny S Chamaa1, Liara S Ortiz-Ocasio1, Athena Zhang1

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Pediatric dog bites are common, with head and neck injuries most frequent. Wound characteristics, not breed, predict scar outcomes, emphasizing safer interactions for prevention.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric trauma
  • Dermatology
  • Veterinary medicine

Background:

  • Dog bites represent a significant cause of injury in children, leading to physical and psychological distress.
  • This research investigates patterns of injury, treatment, and outcomes associated with specific dog breeds in pediatric cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze breed-specific injury patterns in pediatric dog bites.
  • To evaluate management strategies and patient outcomes, including infection and scarring.
  • To identify factors influencing the need for surgical intervention and reconstructive procedures.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective review of 430 pediatric dog bite cases between 2010 and 2024.
  • Data collection included patient demographics, injury details, dog breed, management approach, and outcomes (infection, scarring, revisions).
  • Descriptive and statistical analyses, including multivariable regression, were performed to assess associations.

Main Results:

  • Head and neck injuries were most prevalent (42.8%), with higher rates of complex reconstruction, soft-tissue loss, and avulsion compared to other sites.
  • Pit bulls were the most commonly reported breed (47.9% of known breeds).
  • Dermal and subcutaneous wound involvement, not dog breed, were significantly associated with abnormal scarring. Specialist consultation correlated with higher return-to-operating room rates.

Conclusions:

  • Objective wound characteristics are more predictive of management needs and scar outcomes than dog breed.
  • Future prevention efforts should focus on promoting safer child-dog interactions.
  • Enhanced structured documentation is recommended for improved future risk stratification in pediatric dog bite cases.