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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Multimodal Analytical Platform on a Multiplexed Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging Chip for the Analysis of Extracellular Vesicle Subsets
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Published on: March 17, 2023

Multiplexed Crossbar GFET Array With BioADC for Multi-Modal Aptamer-Based Sensing.

Tyler A Bodily, Min Suk Lee, Anirudh Ramanathan

    IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems
    |June 30, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We developed a low-power graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) platform with a neural-interface system-on-chip (NISoC) for sensitive, real-time biomolecular detection, including lead ions (Pb2+). This GFET-NISoC system offers a foundation for advanced wearable biosensors.

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    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Nanotechnology
    • Biomedical Engineering

    Background:

    • Graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) offer high surface-to-volume ratios for sensing applications.
    • Integrating GFETs with low-power electronics is crucial for portable biosensing.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a scalable, low-power GFET crossbar array integrated with a neural-interface system-on-chip (NISoC).
    • To enable multiplexed, real-time biomolecular sensing, including ultra-sensitive detection of lead ions (Pb2+).

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a 12x12 GFET crossbar array using optimized graphene transfer and a multilayer dielectric stack.
    • Characterization using benchtop instrumentation and a low-power NISoC front-end.
    • Functionalization with G-quadruplex ssDNA aptamers for Pb2+ detection.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated uniform GFET behavior, reversible pH-dependent conductance, and predictable ionic strength responses.
    • Achieved femtomolar-level detection of Pb2+ with high selectivity over Ca2+ and Co2+.
    • The GFET-NISoC platform operated at sub-μW power levels.

    Conclusions:

    • The GFET-NISoC platform enables multiplexed, multi-modal sensing with ultra-low power consumption.
    • This technology provides a promising foundation for wearable or point-of-care chemical and biomolecular monitoring.
    • The system demonstrates potential for sensitive and selective detection of heavy metal ions.