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Integration of Bioinformatics Approaches and Experimental Validations to Understand the Role of Notch Signaling in Ovarian Cancer
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Protein expression of Notch-1 and Notch-3 behaves differently in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Trupti I Trivedi1, Priti P Trivedi2

  • 1Cancer Biology Department, Molecular Diagnostics and Research Lab 1, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.

Indian Journal of Pathology & Microbiology
|June 30, 2026
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Notch-1 acts as a tumor suppressor in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), improving disease-free survival. Conversely, Notch-3 acts as an oncogene, correlating with aggressive OSCC and worse overall survival.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Aberrant Notch signaling pathway component expression can be tumor suppressive or oncogenic.
  • The specific roles of Notch-1 and Notch-3 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are not well-defined, especially in the Indian population.
  • Understanding these roles is crucial for prognostic assessment and therapeutic strategies in OSCC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression and prognostic significance of Notch-1 and Notch-3 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
  • To determine the association of Notch-1 and Notch-3 expression with clinicopathological parameters and patient outcomes in OSCC.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemical localization of Notch-1 and Notch-3 protein expression.
  • Analysis of 120 pre-therapeutic oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patient samples.
  • Correlation of protein expression with tumor size, nodal status, disease stage, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) using Cox multivariate analysis.

Main Results:

  • Notch-1 and Notch-3 protein expression was detected in 54% and 61% of OSCC patients, respectively.
  • Notch-1 expression was negatively associated with tumor size, nodal status, and disease stage, indicating a tumor-suppressive role.
  • Notch-3 expression was positively correlated with tumor size, nodal status, and disease stage, suggesting an oncogenic role. Notch-1 was an independent favorable prognosticator for DFS, while Notch-3 was an unfavorable prognosticator for OS.

Conclusions:

  • Notch-1 functions as a tumor suppressor in OSCC, associated with better disease-free survival.
  • Notch-3 acts as an oncogene in OSCC, linked to an aggressive phenotype and poorer overall survival.
  • Evaluating both Notch-1 and Notch-3 expression provides valuable prognostic information for guiding therapeutic decisions in OSCC patients.
Keywords:
Multivariate analysisNotch-1Notch-3OSCConcogenetumor suppressor

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