A personalized view on how artificial intelligence will change the future of multidirectional cell therapy: From...

Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming a central enabling technology for multidirectional cell therapy, regenerative medicine, and transplantation science. Its most relevant contributions include the integration of heterogeneous biological data, the design and monitoring of engineered cells, the prediction of patient-specific responses, and the development of adaptive clinical decision-support systems. This review summarizes key developments in AI systems, cell engineering, gene editing, stem cell transplantation, immune cell therapy, regenerative medicine, organoid science, nanotechnology, and real-time clinical integration. The discussion emphasizes the potential of AI to improve personalization, safety, manufacturing consistency, monitoring, and regulatory readiness while recognizing persistent challenges in validation, transparency, interoperability, privacy, bias mitigation, and human oversight. The central perspective is that AI should not replace clinical or scientific judgment but should function as an increasingly powerful layer of intelligence that supports safer, more precise, and more scalable cell-based therapies.