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Long-Term Complications of Sickle Cell Disease
Luisanna M Sánchez1, Ajibike Lapite2, Alicia Chang3
1Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Indianapolis, Indiana.
Pediatrics in Review
|June 30, 2026
Summary
Sickle cell disease (SCD) causes severe long-term health issues, including chronic pain and organ damage. This review details major SCD complications and management strategies for pediatricians to improve patient care.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Genetics
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a prevalent genetic disorder affecting millions globally.
- It stems from a β-globin gene mutation, causing sickle-shaped red blood cells, leading to vaso-occlusion, hemolysis, and organ damage.
- Despite advances, significant long-term challenges persist for individuals with SCD.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review major long-term complications of SCD.
- To provide pediatricians with comprehensive insights and management strategies.
- To bridge the knowledge gap in managing SCD's chronic effects.
Main Methods:
- This is a review article.
- It synthesizes current knowledge on SCD's long-term complications.
- Focuses on providing actionable information for pediatricians.
Main Results:
- Key complications include chronic pain, mental health issues (depression, anxiety), neurological deficits (stroke, cognitive impairment), infections, and alloimmunization.
- Cardiopulmonary issues like pulmonary hypertension and restrictive lung disease are significant.
- Reproductive health concerns and pregnancy complications require careful management.
Conclusions:
- Effective management of SCD requires addressing its diverse long-term complications.
- Pediatricians play a crucial role in providing informed, empathetic, and proactive care.
- Understanding and managing these complications is essential for improving patient outcomes and quality of life.
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