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Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response

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Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
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Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

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Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...

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Cerebral Edema l: Introduction

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

In Vivo Protocol of Controlled Subconcussive Head Impacts for the Validation of Field Study Data

In Vivo Protocol of Controlled Subconcussive Head Impacts for the Validation of Field Study Data

Published on: April 18, 2019

Headache in the Athlete.

Karissa Thal¹, Connor Mayes²

¹Department of Neurology, Mount Nittany Physician Group, State College, PA, USA.

Neurologic Clinics

|June 30, 2026

Summary

Headaches are common in athletes, often primary types like migraine. However, secondary causes, including post-traumatic headache, require careful diagnosis and treatment planning for athletes.

Area of Science:

Neurology
Sports Medicine

Background:

Headache is a prevalent neurological issue impacting the general population and athletes.
While primary headaches (e.g., tension-type, migraine) are common in athletes, secondary causes like post-traumatic headache present a significant concern.

Purpose of the Study:

To outline diagnostic considerations for headaches in athletes.
To emphasize the importance of tailored treatment strategies for athletic populations.

Main Methods:

Evaluation based on headache history, clinical examination, and identification of red flags.
Diagnostic workup may include blood tests and neuroimaging, guided by specific headache characteristics.

Main Results:

Athletes face risks for both primary and secondary headache disorders.

Keywords:

Athlete Headache Migraine

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A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes

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Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

In Vivo Protocol of Controlled Subconcussive Head Impacts for the Validation of Field Study Data

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Published on: April 18, 2019

An Investigation of the Effects of Sports-related Concussion in Youth Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and the Head Impact Telemetry System

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A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes

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Diagnostic evaluation is crucial for accurate identification of the headache type.

Conclusions:

A thorough diagnostic approach is essential for athletes experiencing headaches.
Treatment plans must accommodate the unique demands and competitive nature of athletic participation.