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Related Concept Videos

Maximum Power Transfer01:16

Maximum Power Transfer

Numerous practical applications within engineering disciplines, such as telecommunications, necessitate optimizing power delivery to a connected load. This pursuit, however, entails inherent internal losses, which can either equal or exceed the power supplied to the load. The Thevenin equivalent circuit is helpful in finding the maximum power a linear circuit can deliver to a load. It is assumed in this context that the load resistance can be adjusted.
By substituting the entire circuit with...
Induced Electric Fields: Applications01:27

Induced Electric Fields: Applications

An important distinction exists between the electric field induced by a changing magnetic field and the electrostatic field produced by a fixed charge distribution. Specifically, the induced electric field is nonconservative because it does not work in moving a charge over a closed path. In contrast, the electrostatic field is conservative and does no net work over a closed path. Hence, electric potential can be associated with the electrostatic field but not the induced field. The following...
Van de Graaff Generator01:15

Van de Graaff Generator

Van de Graaff generators (or Van de Graaffs) are devices used to demonstrate high voltage due to static electricity that can also be used for research. Robert Van de Graaff first built one in 1931 (based on original suggestions by Lord Kelvin) for use in nuclear physics research.
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Electrical Energy01:10

Electrical Energy

Using electric appliances for a longer period of time consumes more electrical energy and results in a higher electric bill. The energy produced by the transfer of electrons from one point to another is known as electrical energy. If power is delivered at a constant rate, the electrical energy can be defined as the product of power used by the device for a period of time. The energy unit on electric bills is the kilowatt-hour, where one kilowatt-hour is equivalent to 3.6 × 106 joules. The...
Energy Stored In A Coaxial Cable01:31

Energy Stored In A Coaxial Cable

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Charging Conductors By Induction01:15

Charging Conductors By Induction

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Investigating the Potential of Singly Curved Thin Piezoelectric Transducers for Energy Harvesting and Structural Health Monitoring
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Published on: November 14, 2025

State-of-the-Art Power Transfer Methods in Triboelectric Energy Harvesters.

Maryam Hosseini1, Hosein Haghshenas1, Emre Salman1

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Stony Brook University (SUNY), Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.

IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine (New York, N.Y. : 2001)
|July 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) offer versatile power for self-powered systems. This study introduces a figure-of-merit to optimize power management circuits for TENGs, improving energy extraction efficiency.

Keywords:
Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG)energy harvestingfigure of merit (FoM)impedance matchingmaximum power point tracking (MPPT)power management unit (PMU)power transfer efficiencyrectifiersynchronized switched harvesting (SSH)

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Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

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A Polymer-based Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvester with a 3D Meshed-Core Structure
09:51

A Polymer-based Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvester with a 3D Meshed-Core Structure

Published on: February 20, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Energy Harvesting
  • Materials Science
  • Electrical Engineering

Background:

  • Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are promising for self-powered systems due to their versatility and low-cost fabrication.
  • TENGs present unique challenges for power management due to their time-varying capacitance and high impedance.
  • Existing power transfer methods for piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs) are not directly applicable to TENGs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a figure-of-merit (FoM) for quantifying energy extraction efficiency in TENGs.
  • To evaluate the suitability of advanced power management techniques derived from PEHs for TENG applications.
  • To guide the co-design of TENG devices and their interface circuits for maximum power transfer.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a novel figure-of-merit (FoM) as an energy-extraction coefficient.
  • Theoretical analysis of power transfer limitations for TENGs using PEH-derived rectifier and MPPT methods.
  • Evaluation of TENG performance with power management units (PMUs) and interpretation using the proposed FoM.

Main Results:

  • The proposed FoM effectively identifies losses at the device-PMU interface, aiding in the localization of dominant loss mechanisms.
  • Theoretical power extraction bounds were derived for various rectifier configurations under TENG-specific conditions.
  • Analysis revealed that TENG characteristics and voltage limits necessitate tailored interface circuit designs for optimal power extraction.

Conclusions:

  • The unique electrical properties of TENGs require specialized interface circuit designs for efficient power management.
  • Coordinated device-circuit co-design, guided by system-level metrics like the proposed FoM, is crucial for maximizing power extraction from TENGs.
  • The developed FoM provides a valuable tool for both device and circuit researchers to optimize TENG-based self-powered systems.