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  3. Power Optimization Of Tengs Via Load Capacitance Sizing.
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Power Optimization of TENGs via Load Capacitance Sizing.

Maryam Hosseini1, Mahmood Chahari2, Milutin Stanacevic1

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Stony Brook University (SUNY), Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.

IEEE Sensors Journal
|April 9, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Optimizing load capacitor size in triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) with full wave rectifiers (FWRs) maximizes power output. This simple strategy enhances energy harvesting efficiency without extra circuits.

Keywords:
Energy harvesting (EH)TENGpower optimizationtriboelectric energy harvester

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Area of Science:

  • Energy Harvesting
  • Materials Science
  • Electrical Engineering

Background:

  • Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are promising for harvesting ambient mechanical energy.
  • Efficient power delivery from TENGs, especially those using AC output with full wave rectifiers (FWRs), requires careful impedance matching.
  • Optimizing load capacitance is crucial for maximizing power transfer and minimizing system response time.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a power optimization strategy for TENGs by tuning the load capacitor size in an FWR.
  • To identify the optimal load capacitance that maximizes power delivery and minimizes the time to reach steady-state power.
  • To validate the effectiveness of capacitor sizing as a sole optimization method.

Main Methods:

  • Cycle-level analysis of input voltage, current, and rectifier turn-on time during mechanical motion.
  • Identification of optimal load capacitance through theoretical analysis and experimental validation.
  • Testing with a vertical contact-separation TENG with varying internal capacitance (24pF–96pF) and rectifier capacitance (390pF).

    • Main Results:

    • An optimal rectifier capacitance of 390pF was identified, achieving maximum power delivery (900nW at 1.7Hz, 2.7μW at 5Hz) within the second cycle.
    • Suboptimal capacitances either failed to reach peak power or significantly delayed the steady state.
    • Sensitivity analysis showed robustness, with ±30% capacitance variation maintaining ≥90% of peak power.

    Conclusions:

    • Load capacitor optimization is an effective strategy for maximizing power in TENGs with FWRs.
    • This method achieves peak power delivery solely through capacitor sizing, simplifying system design.
    • The proposed strategy offers flexibility and robustness for practical implementation in energy harvesting systems.