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Published on: January 28, 2020
Prognostic Value of Cardiac Biomarkers in Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Jaisingh Rajput1, Indresh Yadav2, Bryan O Oyarebu3
1Family Medicine, Montgomery Baptist Family Medicine Residency Program, Baptist Health, Alabama, USA.
Cureus
|July 1, 2026
Summary
This study reviewed biomarkers for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) risk. Cardiac troponins and natriuretic peptides show strong prognostic value, but emerging markers need validation for routine use in predicting cardiovascular events.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Biomarker Research
- Clinical Prognostics
Background:
- Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a major global health concern requiring effective risk stratification.
- Numerous biomarkers, including troponins, natriuretic peptides, and inflammatory markers, are used for prognostication.
- Emerging biomarkers like NGAL, Gal-3, and microRNAs show potential but require further evaluation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and meta-analyze the prognostic utility of various biomarkers in patients with AMI.
- To assess the predictive value of biomarkers for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), heart failure, and mortality.
- To explore the comparative value and optimal integration of these biomarkers into clinical practice.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of 10 studies involving 3,720 participants.
- Harmonized diverse effect measures (HRs, ORs, RRs) using a pooled correlation coefficient (r = 0.72).
- Conducted subgroup analyses based on population type and prognostic endpoint.
Main Results:
- Biomarker levels showed a significant association with clinical outcomes (r = 0.72).
- Cardiac troponins strongly correlated with mortality, while natriuretic peptides correlated with heart failure.
- Effect sizes were larger in high-risk AMI populations, and inflammation markers also predicted adverse outcomes.
Conclusions:
- Existing and emerging biomarkers are crucial for AMI risk stratification, with troponins and natriuretic peptides showing robust associations.
- Further validation and standardization of measurement protocols are needed for routine adoption of emerging biomarkers.
- Multimodal biomarker integration holds promise for improving early risk stratification and patient outcomes in AMI management.
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