Comparison of Mineral and Trace Element Contents in Commercial Zero-Labeled and Regular Non-Alcoholic Beverages

The consumption of zero-labeled beverages has increased as an alternative to sugar-rich beverages. Although these products are primarily characterized by reduced energy and sugar contents, their mineral and trace element compositions may vary depending on formulation-related factors. The mineral and trace element contents of zero-labeled and regular beverages in Korea were compared. A total of 86 commonly consumed processed beverages were selected as 1:1 matched pairs across major beverage categories. Energy, macronutrient, and sodium data were obtained from nutrition labels, while the contents of macro-minerals (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and potassium) and trace minerals (iron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, chromium, and selenium) were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Beverage pH was also measured. Zero-labeled products contained significantly lower energy and sugar levels than regular beverages. Potassium content was significantly higher in zero-labeled carbonated beverages (12.17 vs. 6.73 mg/100 g), and both the potassium and molybdenum contents were higher in zero-labeled energy drinks. Zinc content was significantly lower in zero-labeled mixed beverages. Selenium content was higher in zero-labeled beverages than in regular beverages overall (1.88 vs. 0.87 µg/100 g), particularly in carbonated beverages, sports drinks, and mixed beverages. Other minerals and trace elements did not differ significantly between the groups overall. Beverage pH did not differ between the groups, but was positively correlated with potassium, manganese, and chromium contents. These findings indicate that zero-labeled beverages do not substantially differ from regular beverages in overall mineral and trace element provision but potentially contribute to greater dietary exposure to select minerals in specific beverage categories.