Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mouse Models of Cancer Study02:43

Mouse Models of Cancer Study

Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...
In-vitro Mutagenesis01:16

In-vitro Mutagenesis

To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Microglial-Derived IGF-1 Serves as a Regulator for Neuroimmune Homeostasis During Viral-Induced Demyelination.

Viruses·2026
Same author

Surging towards a better understanding of ovulation.

eLife·2026
Same author

A liver-heart endocrine axis revealed by systems genetics and mediated by hepatocyte growth factor activator.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Kisspeptin made in the preoptic area is required for normal estradiol-induced LH surges and optimal fertility in females.

Endocrinology·2026
Same author

Proteasome alteration between epithelial and hematopoietic cells facilitates positive selection of CD8 T cells.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Canadian Stroke Best Practice Recommendations. Stroke Systems of Care, 7th Edition, 2026.

The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques·2026
Same journal

Evidence That Heat Shock Protein A5 (HSPA5) Plays a Role During Bovine In Vitro Embryo Production.

Reproduction (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same journal

The use of isoflurane to cause multiple large Ca2+ transients in mouse eggs.

Reproduction (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same journal

Fibroblast Growth Factor 9 Promotes Rat Leydig Cell Development via H3K4me3 Histone Modifications.

Reproduction (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same journal

The RNA-binding protein Pumilio-2 has roles in the regulation of proliferation and innate immunity of human KGN granulosa tumor cells.

Reproduction (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same journal

Redefining Stallion Sperm Bioenergetics: Lessons from a Decade of Change in Mammalian Sperm Metabolism.

Reproduction (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same journal

Professor Asgerally T. Fazleabas, University Distinguished Professor, Michigan State University Foundation Professor, Associate Chair for Research, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Director, Center for Women's Health Research, and Co-Director, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Training Program, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine.

Reproduction (Cambridge, England)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Gene-environment Interaction Models to Unmask Susceptibility Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease
08:09

Gene-environment Interaction Models to Unmask Susceptibility Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease

Published on: January 7, 2014

Toll-like Receptor 4 Knockout Mice are Protected Against PMOS-like Pathogenesis.

Kiara Wiggins1, Zena Del Mundo1, Julio Ayala Angulo1

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.

Reproduction (Cambridge, England)
|July 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays a key role in polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS)-like conditions. Blocking TLR4 in mice reduced PMOS symptoms and improved gut health, suggesting it as a therapeutic target.

Keywords:
InflammationMetabolicPCOSPMOSReproductionTLR4

More Related Videos

A Phenotyping Regimen for Genetically Modified Mice Used to Study Genes Implicated in Human Diseases of Aging
09:37

A Phenotyping Regimen for Genetically Modified Mice Used to Study Genes Implicated in Human Diseases of Aging

Published on: July 14, 2016

Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4
09:29

Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4

Published on: August 21, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Gene-environment Interaction Models to Unmask Susceptibility Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease
08:09

Gene-environment Interaction Models to Unmask Susceptibility Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease

Published on: January 7, 2014

A Phenotyping Regimen for Genetically Modified Mice Used to Study Genes Implicated in Human Diseases of Aging
09:37

A Phenotyping Regimen for Genetically Modified Mice Used to Study Genes Implicated in Human Diseases of Aging

Published on: July 14, 2016

Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4
09:29

Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4

Published on: August 21, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Immunology
  • Reproductive Biology

Background:

  • Polycystine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS), previously known as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), is a complex reproductive endocrine disorder.
  • Chronic immune dysfunction is a recognized feature of PMOS, but the underlying immune activation mechanisms are not fully understood.
  • Gut-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) may trigger systemic inflammation through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the development of PMOS-like pathology.
  • To examine the impact of TLR4 deficiency on key features of PMOS in a mouse model.

Main Methods:

  • A letrozole (LET)-induced mouse model was used to mimic PMOS-like pathology.
  • Wild-type and TLR4 knockout (TLR4-/-) female mice were treated with LET.
  • Serum LPS, luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, estrous cycling, fertility, gut barrier integrity, and inflammatory markers were assessed.

Main Results:

  • LET-treated wild-type mice exhibited elevated serum LPS and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) compared to LET-treated TLR4-/- mice.
  • TLR4 deficiency significantly attenuated PMOS-like features, including elevated LH, anovulation, and metabolic dysfunction.
  • LET-treated TLR4-/- mice maintained estrous cycling and fertility, preserved gut barrier integrity, and showed reduced inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a significant contributor to multiple aspects of PMOS-like pathology.
  • Targeting TLR4-mediated inflammation presents a potential therapeutic strategy for women diagnosed with PMOS.