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Related Concept Videos

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Transnuclear Mice with Pre-defined T Cell Receptor Specificities Against Toxoplasma gondii Obtained Via SCNT
13:36

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Published on: September 30, 2010

Protocol for somatic cell nuclear transfer in the common marmoset.

Yoko Kurotaki1, Yuko Yamada2, Narumi Ogonuki3

  • 1Integrative Developmental Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan; Department of Development Research Translational Research Division, Central Institute for Experimental Medicine and Life Science, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan.

STAR Protocols
|July 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a detailed protocol for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) in common marmosets, improving efficiency in creating primate embryos. The method enhances epigenetic factors for successful preimplantation development.

Keywords:
Biotechnology and bioengineeringDevelopmental biologyStem Cells

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Primate Research

Background:

  • Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is crucial for generating genetically identical animals.
  • SCNT efficiency in non-human primates, particularly marmosets, is limited by preimplantation embryonic arrest.
  • Developing reliable SCNT protocols is essential for advancing primate reproductive technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish and detail a robust protocol for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) in the common marmoset.
  • To optimize SCNT procedures from oocyte collection to blastocyst development.
  • To enhance the efficiency of SCNT in non-human primates.

Main Methods:

  • Detailed steps for oocyte collection, in vitro maturation, enucleation, and nuclear transfer using fibroblast or cumulus cells.
  • Procedures for oocyte activation and triple epigenetic enhancement.
  • Embryo culture techniques up to the blastocyst stage in common marmosets.

Main Results:

  • A comprehensive protocol for SCNT in common marmosets is provided.
  • The protocol covers all critical stages from oocyte handling to blastocyst development.
  • This work facilitates further research and application of SCNT in marmosets.

Conclusions:

  • The presented protocol offers a standardized method for SCNT in common marmosets.
  • This advancement contributes to improving the efficiency of SCNT in non-human primates.
  • The protocol serves as a foundation for future studies in primate reproductive biology and stem cell research.