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Related Concept Videos

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction

Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management01:29

Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a chronic infection of the heart's endocardium, primarily affecting the heart valves. A detailed nursing assessment for a patient with IE involves collecting subjective and objective data to ensure an accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.Subjective DataThe nurse gathers information about the patient's symptoms and complaints during the subjective assessment. Patients with infective endocarditis often report non-specific symptoms that can mimic other...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Surgical Technique for the Implantation of a Biomimetic Artificial Intervertebral Disc in a Goat Animal Model
07:06

Surgical Technique for the Implantation of a Biomimetic Artificial Intervertebral Disc in a Goat Animal Model

Published on: October 10, 2025

Infection following cervical artificial disc replacement.

Shane Shahrestani1, Anubhav Chandla1, Adeesya Gausper1

  • 11Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles; and.

Neurosurgical Focus
|July 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cervical artificial disc replacement (ADR) infections are rare but challenging. Most patients require conversion to fusion surgery, though many experience symptom improvement with appropriate management.

Keywords:
ACDFanterior cervical discectomy and fusionartificial disc replacementimplant failurepostoperative infection

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In Vivo Mouse Model of Spinal Implant Infection
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Published on: June 23, 2020

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Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Surgical Technique for the Implantation of a Biomimetic Artificial Intervertebral Disc in a Goat Animal Model
07:06

Surgical Technique for the Implantation of a Biomimetic Artificial Intervertebral Disc in a Goat Animal Model

Published on: October 10, 2025

In Vivo Mouse Model of Spinal Implant Infection
08:03

In Vivo Mouse Model of Spinal Implant Infection

Published on: June 23, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Spine surgery
  • Infectious diseases
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Cervical artificial disc replacement (ADR) infections are poorly understood.
  • No established guidelines exist for prevention or management of these infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the clinical presentation, microbiological findings, and outcomes of patients with cervical ADR infections.
  • To provide insights for future prevention and management guidelines.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of patients who developed infection after cervical ADR and underwent revision surgery.
  • Data collection included demographics, clinical presentation, causative organism, and implant type.
  • Infections confirmed via clinical symptoms, radiological findings, and microbiological cultures.

Main Results:

  • 30 patients (42 cases) with cervical ADR infections were analyzed.
  • Common symptoms included intractable neck and upper extremity pain.
  • Cutibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Propionibacterium acnes were the most common pathogens. 90% of patients underwent conversion to fusion, with 70% experiencing symptom improvement.

Conclusions:

  • Cervical ADR infections are rare but clinically challenging, often necessitating conversion to fusion.
  • Early identification and prompt management are crucial for optimal patient outcomes.
  • This study offers valuable data on the largest cohort of infected cervical ADRs to date.