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Related Concept Videos

Multi-input and Multi-variable systems01:22

Multi-input and Multi-variable systems

Cruise control systems in cars are designed as multi-input systems to maintain a driver's desired speed while compensating for external disturbances such as changes in terrain. The block diagram for a cruise control system typically includes two main inputs: the desired speed set by the driver and any external disturbances, such as the incline of the road. By adjusting the engine throttle, the system maintains the vehicle's speed as close to the desired value as possible.
In the absence of...
Design Example01:23

Design Example

The innovation of touch-tone telephony revolutionized the telecommunications industry by replacing the traditional rotary dial with a dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling system. This system uses a matrix-style keypad with buttons arranged in four rows and three columns, creating 12 distinct signals each assigned to a pair of frequencies. Each button press results in a simultaneous generation of two sinusoidal tones – one from a low-frequency group (697 to 941 Hz) and one from a...
Discrete-Time Fourier Series01:20

Discrete-Time Fourier Series

The Discrete-Time Fourier Series (DTFS) is a fundamental concept in signal processing, serving as the discrete-time counterpart to the continuous-time Fourier series. It allows for the representation and analysis of discrete-time periodic signals in terms of their frequency components. Unlike its continuous counterpart, which utilizes integrals, the calculation of DTFS expansion coefficients involves summations due to the discrete nature of the signal.
For a discrete-time periodic signal x[n]...
Discrete-time Fourier transform01:26

Discrete-time Fourier transform

The Discrete-Time Fourier Transform (DTFT) is an essential mathematical tool for analyzing discrete-time signals, converting them from the time domain to the frequency domain. This transformation allows for examining the frequency components of discrete signals, providing insights into their spectral characteristics. In the DTFT, the continuous integral used in the continuous-time Fourier transform is replaced by a summation to accommodate the discrete nature of the signal.
One of the notable...
Linear time-invariant Systems01:23

Linear time-invariant Systems

A system is linear if it displays the characteristics of homogeneity and additivity, together termed the superposition property. This principle is fundamental in all linear systems. Linear time-invariant (LTI) systems include systems with linear elements and constant parameters.
The input-output behavior of an LTI system can be fully defined by its response to an impulsive excitation at its input. Once this impulse response is known, the system's reaction to any other input can be calculated...
Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit01:20

Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit

In integrated circuit technology, a capacitance multiplier is often utilized to produce a larger capacitance value when a small physical capacitance falls short. This is achieved by a circuit that multiplies capacitance values by a factor of up to 1000, such that a 10-pF capacitor can replicate the performance of a 100-nF capacitor.
The circuit illustrated in Figure 1 below incorporates two op-amps, with the first operating as a voltage follower and the second acting as an inverting amplifier.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

Multiple-input multiple-output CV-MDI-QKD system for terahertz channels based on orthogonal time frequency space.

Chengji Liu, Zhe Xu, Fei Li

    Optics Express
    |July 2, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a new quantum key distribution system for terahertz channels, enhancing security and extending transmission distances. The novel approach improves wireless communication for future 5G networks.

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    Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

    Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
    06:42

    Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

    Published on: June 8, 2018

    Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping
    09:43

    Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

    Published on: March 20, 2017

    A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
    07:56

    A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

    Published on: September 5, 2019

    Area of Science:

    • Quantum Information Science
    • Wireless Communication
    • Terahertz Technology

    Background:

    • Continuous-variable measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (CV-MDI-QKD) provides security against detector attacks by using untrusted devices.
    • Terahertz (THz) communication faces challenges like time-varying and frequency-selective fading.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a novel multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) CV-MDI-QKD system for THz channels.
    • To enhance security and extend transmission distances in quantum key distribution.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) modulation for mapping information bits in the delay-Doppler domain.
    • Employing MIMO beamforming to counteract free-space path loss in THz frequencies.
    • Calculating the secret key rate under strict composable security, considering finite-size effects.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed system demonstrates increased secret key rates and longer secure transmission distances.
    • Integration of OTFS and MIMO beamforming effectively mitigates multi-path and Doppler effects.
    • The system maintains strong security against optimal collective Gaussian attacks.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed MIMO CV-MDI-QKD system offers a significant advancement for secure wireless communication in 5G and beyond.
    • This technology enhances the robustness and range of quantum key distribution in challenging THz environments.
    • The findings pave the way for more secure and efficient future wireless networks.