Single-shot ultrafast framing imaging based on full-Stokes polarization multiplexing with femtosecond temporal...

We propose a full-Stokes polarization-multiplexed ultrafast framing imaging (FSPM-UFI) technique, a single-shot method that encodes four temporally separated femtosecond probe pulses into four polarization states spanning the complete Poincaré sphere. Unlike existing polarization-multiplexed schemes that exploit only the linear Stokes parameters, FSPM-UFI further exploits the circular-polarization component. A dual division-of-focal-plane (DoFP) camera pair provides an overdetermined 8 × 4 measurement system, from which four upsampled resolution frames are recovered by closed-form regularized inversion without any iterative reconstruction, while maintaining largely decoupled temporal resolution, spatial resolution, and frame interval. Numerical simulations on femtosecond-laser-induced air plasma validate single-shot four-frame shadowgraph recovery at 10 Tfps, a multi-exposure extension of the single-shot scheme for plasma lifetime characterization over 0.1-8 ps under reproducible conditions, and a temporal resolution approaching the 35 fs probe pulse duration limit, as demonstrated by interference plasma grating imaging. The system achieves a spatial resolution of ∼3 µm and a maximum frame rate of ∼28Tfps. FSPM-UFI provides a compact, dispersion-free framework for single-shot quantitative imaging of non-repeatable light-matter interactions.