Visible-transparent infrared-microwave compatible stealth metasurface with low infrared emissivity

Modern targets are increasingly exposed to multispectral detection systems spanning the visible, infrared, and microwave bands, making compatible stealth design substantially more challenging. Here, we demonstrate a visible-transparent infrared-microwave compatible stealth metasurface that simultaneously combines high visible transmittance, ultralow infrared emissivity, and broadband microwave absorption. The device consists of an infrared shielding layer (IRSL), a transition layer (TL), and a microwave absorption layer (MAL). The IRSL is implemented using a high-duty-cycle dielectric/metal/dielectric (DMD) frequency selective surface, which provides low infrared emissivity together with high microwave transmittance. The MAL is formed by a circular-ring metasurface optimized through an equivalent circuit model combined with particle swarm optimization, while the inserted TL is introduced to improve impedance matching and broaden the microwave absorption bandwidth. A 200 × 200 mm² sample is fabricated and experimentally characterized, which shows a low infrared emissivity of 0.15, a visible transmittance of 50% at 510 nm, and broadband microwave absorptivity above 90% from 3.7 to 10.2 GHz. This work provides a practical route toward transparent multispectral stealth devices operating across the visible, infrared, and microwave bands.