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Interference fading suppression in Φ-OTDR using space-time-frequency joint processing.

Haijun He, Ting Chen, Xihua Zou

    Optics Express
    |July 2, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a novel space-time-frequency (STF) joint processing method to suppress interference fading in phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR) systems. The method significantly enhances signal-to-noise ratio and phase-demodulation accuracy for improved distributed sensing.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Optical Sensing
    • Signal Processing
    • Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing

    Background:

    • Phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR) is crucial for quantitative distributed perturbation sensing.
    • Interference fading in Φ-OTDR systems degrades signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and phase-demodulation accuracy, limiting sensing performance.
    • Existing digital signal processing methods often lack multidimensional analysis, limiting their effectiveness in mitigating fading.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a novel space-time-frequency (STF) joint processing method for effective interference fading suppression in single-pulse coherent Φ-OTDR.
    • To enhance the SNR and phase-demodulation accuracy of Φ-OTDR systems.
    • To provide a digital-domain solution for improving the reliability of distributed fiber optic sensing.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a space-time-frequency (STF) joint processing technique for analyzing Rayleigh backscattered signals in Φ-OTDR.
    • Employed spatial differential operation, temporal Fourier transformation, and a 2D adaptive weighting strategy based on spectral and spatial characteristics.
    • Processed sensing signals across spatial, temporal, and frequency domains simultaneously.

    Main Results:

    • The STF method effectively suppressed interference fading, reducing amplitude fluctuations from over 40 dB to approximately 20 dB.
    • Achieved significant improvements compared to the conventional moving rotated-vector-average (MRVA) method: ~16.6 dB higher average SNR and ~14.7 dB better phase-demodulation accuracy.
    • Successfully corrected phase errors caused by fading and accurately recovered vibration signals without waveform distortion.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed STF joint processing method offers an effective digital-domain solution for interference fading suppression in Φ-OTDR.
    • This approach enhances the performance and reliability of distributed fiber optic sensing systems.
    • The method demonstrates superior performance in improving SNR and phase-demodulation accuracy, enabling more precise quantitative perturbation retrieval.