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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

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Published on: August 2, 2019

Visualizing Superconducting Gap Modulation Induced by Pair-Breaking Scattering Interference in Bulk FeSe.

Matthew Toole^1,2, Nileema Sharma^1,2, James McKenzie^1,2

¹Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.

|July 2, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Periodic gap modulations in superconductors may not indicate exotic Cooper-pair density waves. Instead, pair-breaking scattering interference (PBSI) can cause these modulations, as shown in FeSe. This finding challenges existing theories and opens new research avenues.

Keywords:

Scanning tunneling microscopy gap modulation iron-based superconductor pair density wave pair-breaking scattering interference quasiparticle interference

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Published on: December 3, 2013

Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Superconductivity
Materials Science

Background:

Spatially periodic modulations of the superconducting gap are often attributed to Cooper-pair density waves (PDWs).
An alternative mechanism, pair-breaking scattering interference (PBSI), has been proposed to explain these modulations without PDWs.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate signatures of PBSI in bulk FeSe, a material lacking PDWs.
To explore an alternative explanation for observed superconducting gap modulations.

Main Methods:

Utilized scanning tunneling microscopy with superconductive tips for enhanced energy resolution and Josephson tunneling.
Identified subsurface magnetic scatterers and Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states in FeSe.
Employed phase-referenced quasiparticle interference imaging.

Main Results:

Observed particle-hole symmetric gap modulations around subsurface magnetic scatterers in FeSe.
Confirmed that these modulations exhibit wavevectors consistent with intrapocket PBSI.
Demonstrated that phase-referenced quasiparticle interference imaging directly probes PBSI.

Conclusions:

Superconducting gap modulations, often attributed to PDWs, can be explained by PBSI.
The findings challenge the universal attribution of gap modulations to PDWs.
Motivates further research into the phenomenology of gap modulations and PBSI.