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Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation During Rituximab Therapy Despite Anti-HBs Positivity: A Case Report
Rajae Belhocine1, Nawal Lagdali2, Maryeme Kadiri2
1Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology C, Ibn Sina Hospital, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, MAR.
Cureus
|July 2, 2026
Summary
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation can occur even with anti-HBs positivity during rituximab therapy. This case highlights the need for antiviral prophylaxis and monitoring in high-risk patients to prevent severe liver damage.
Area of Science:
- Hepatology
- Immunology
- Oncology
Background:
- Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation is a risk during immunosuppressive therapy, especially with B-cell depleting agents like rituximab.
- Anti-HBs positivity suggests prior HBV infection but doesn't guarantee protection against reactivation.
- Patients with resolved HBV infection undergoing rituximab therapy are at risk.
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