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Related Concept Videos

Parental Care00:55

Parental Care

Many animals exhibit parental care behavior, including feeding, grooming, and protecting young offspring. Parental care is universal in mammals and birds, which often have young that are born relatively helpless. Several species of insects and fish, as well as some amphibians, also care for their young.
Parenting Styles01:27

Parenting Styles

Diana Baumrind's four parenting styles — authoritarian, authoritative, neglectful, and permissive — each influence children's socio-emotional development differently.
Authoritarian Parenting
This style is strict and controlling, with little room for open dialogue. Authoritarian parents demand obedience and often enforce rules with minimal warmth. Children raised this way may lack social skills and initiative, usually comparing themselves to others unfavorably.
Authoritative Parenting
This...
Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
Standards of Care II01:19

Standards of Care II

Nurses bear specific legal responsibilities under several federal statutes, including:
Standards of Care I01:22

Standards of Care I

Federal statutes profoundly impact nursing practice, providing critical guidelines to ensure patient care is equitable, accessible, and of the highest quality. The following laws address distinct aspects of healthcare provision and patient rights:
Methods of Documentation II: POMR01:26

Methods of Documentation II: POMR

The Problem-Oriented Medical Record (POMR) revolutionized medical record-keeping by introducing a systematic approach focusing on the patient's problems rather than merely listing symptoms. Dr. Lawrence Weed's introduction of this method in the 1960s marked a significant advancement in medical documentation. The POMR framework consists of four key components: the database, problem list, plan of care, and progress notes.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting
14:43

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting

Published on: January 12, 2018

Parenthood in US Medical Training Across Specialty Groups: Scoping Review.

Zuleica M Santiago Delgado1, Elizabeth M Vaughan2,3, Mary E Jones4

  • 1Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, 77555-1123, United States, 1 409 772 0626.

JMIR Medical Education
|July 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Physician trainees face unique challenges balancing parenthood and demanding training. Surgical trainees encounter systemic barriers, while primary care trainees report more patient care conflicts.

Keywords:
childcarefellowshipgraduate medical educationlactationparental leaveparenthoodpregnancyresidencysocial ecological modelsurgical training

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting
14:43

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting

Published on: January 12, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Physician Training
  • Work-Life Balance

Background:

  • Residency and fellowship are demanding training periods with intense schedules and limited autonomy.
  • These training years often overlap with peak reproductive age, creating a dilemma for physician trainees regarding parenthood.
  • Trainees must decide whether to delay starting a family or manage parenthood concurrently with their rigorous training.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a scoping review of recent literature.
  • To examine factors influencing the experiences of male and female physician trainee parents.
  • To analyze these experiences across various medical specialties.

Main Methods:

  • Searched four databases for studies published between January 2014 and January 2025.
  • Included studies on pregnancy, parenthood, or lactation outcomes among physician trainees, distinguishing by specialty.
  • Screened eligible studies, extracted data, and thematically coded findings, using statistical tests for specialty differences.

Main Results:

  • Analyzed 105 papers from 15,861 identified records, categorized by specialty: surgical (n=59), medical subspecialty (n=30), primary care (n=11).
  • Surgical and medical subspecialty studies more frequently cited interpersonal and policy challenges compared to primary care.
  • Primary care trainees reported more conflicts between parenthood and patient care duties (27%) than surgical (5%) or medical subspecialty (0%) trainees.

Conclusions:

  • Physician trainees encounter parenthood challenges at multiple levels.
  • Surgical and subspecialty trainees face more systemic barriers.
  • Primary care trainees experience more concerns related to patient care responsibilities.