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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Mouth01:26

Assessment of the Mouth

A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.
Salivary Glands and Saliva01:23

Salivary Glands and Saliva

The salivary glands, of which there are three pairs known as the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands, play a crucial role in maintaining oral health and initiating the digestive process. Positioned near the ears, beneath the masseter muscle, the parotid glands secrete saliva into the oral cavity through the parotid duct of Stensen. Meanwhile, the submandibular glands, located on the floor of the mouth, secrete saliva through channels named submandibular ducts. The sublingual glands,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Salivary Glands for Sjogren's Syndrome: Diagnostic and Monitoring Insights
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Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Salivary Glands for Sjogren's Syndrome: Diagnostic and Monitoring Insights

Published on: October 13, 2023

Oral Squamous Cell Cancer Early Detection Using Salivary Biomarkers.

Mounika Yeladandi1, Nada Mohamed Ahmed Suliman2, Jyoti Goyal Rastogi3

  • 1Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Mallareddy Dental College for Women, Malla Reddy Vishwavidyapeeth, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Annals of African Medicine
|July 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Salivary biomarkers show promise for early oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) detection. A panel of biomarkers, including IL-8 and MMP-9, demonstrated high accuracy in identifying OSCC noninvasively.

Keywords:
CD44CYFRA 21-1biomarqueurs salivairescarcinome épidermoïde buccaldiagnosisdiagnosticdépistage précoceearly detectioninterleukin-8interleukine-8matrix metalloproteinase-9métalloprotéinase matricielle-9oral squamous cell carcinomasalivary biomarkers

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Multiplexed Fluorescent Microarray for Human Salivary Protein Analysis Using Polymer Microspheres and Fiber-optic Bundles
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Sampling Human Indigenous Saliva Peptidome Using a Lollipop-Like Ultrafiltration Probe: Simplify and Enhance Peptide Detection for Clinical Mass Spectrometry
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Sampling Human Indigenous Saliva Peptidome Using a Lollipop-Like Ultrafiltration Probe: Simplify and Enhance Peptide Detection for Clinical Mass Spectrometry

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Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

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08:50

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Sampling Human Indigenous Saliva Peptidome Using a Lollipop-Like Ultrafiltration Probe: Simplify and Enhance Peptide Detection for Clinical Mass Spectrometry
08:37

Sampling Human Indigenous Saliva Peptidome Using a Lollipop-Like Ultrafiltration Probe: Simplify and Enhance Peptide Detection for Clinical Mass Spectrometry

Published on: August 7, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Biomarker Discovery
  • Diagnostic Medicine

Background:

  • Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent cancer.
  • Early detection is crucial for improved patient outcomes.
  • Noninvasive salivary diagnostics offer a promising approach for early cancer identification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the diagnostic value of salivary biomarkers for early OSCC detection.
  • To compare the diagnostic accuracy of individual and combined salivary biomarkers.
  • To assess the potential of saliva-based tests for noninvasive OSCC screening.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 60 OSCC patients and 60 healthy controls.
  • Detection of salivary biomarkers (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-1β, MMP-9, CD44, sCD44, CYFRA 21-1, LDH) using ELISA.
  • Statistical analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for diagnostic ability assessment.

Main Results:

  • All tested salivary biomarkers were significantly elevated in OSCC patients compared to controls (P < 0.001).
  • Interleukin-8 (IL-8) showed the highest individual diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.92), followed by MMP-9 and CYFRA 21-1.
  • A combined biomarker panel achieved excellent diagnostic performance with an AUC of 0.96, 93.3% sensitivity, and 91.7% specificity.

Conclusions:

  • Salivary biomarkers are reliable for noninvasive and accurate early detection of OSCC.
  • Combining multiple biomarkers enhances diagnostic accuracy for OSCC.
  • This approach can aid in early screening and improve clinical outcomes for OSCC patients.