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Related Concept Videos

Self-Discrepancy Theory02:45

Self-Discrepancy Theory

One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.
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Deindividuation

Deindividuation is a form of social influence on an individual’s behavior such that the individual engages in unusual or non-normal behavior while in a group setting. Why? Because in these group settings, the individual no longer sees themselves as an individual anymore, disinhibiting their behavior and personal restraint.
Minor Losses in Pipes01:25

Minor Losses in Pipes

In pipe systems, minor losses refer to energy losses arising from components such as valves, bends, fittings, expansions, and other features that disrupt the steady flow of fluid. These disturbances cause energy dissipation through turbulence and resistance, which engineers quantify to manage system efficiency effectively.
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Deviation from Ideal Behaviour01:23

Deviation from Ideal Behaviour

Real gases do not perfectly obey the ideal gas laws, especially at high pressures and low temperatures or when they are about to condense to a liquid. These deviations occur due to intermolecular forces between gas molecules. Repulsive forces aid expansion and are significant when molecules are very close together, typically at high pressure. Attractive forces assist compression and have a longer range, being effective over several molecular diameters. They become significant when molecules are...
Self-Serving Bias01:29

Self-Serving Bias

Self-serving bias is a cognitive phenomenon in which individuals attribute positive outcomes to internal factors such as their abilities, intelligence, or effort while attributing negative outcomes to external circumstances. This cognitive distortion helps maintain self-esteem but can also impede objective self-assessment.Theoretical Explanations of Self-Serving BiasTwo primary theories explain the self-serving bias: the cognitive explanation and the motivational explanation.The cognitive...
The Availability Heuristic01:08

The Availability Heuristic

A heuristic is a general problem-solving framework (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). You can think of these as mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems. Different types of heuristics are used in different types of situations, and the impulse to use a heuristic occurs when one of five conditions is met (Pratkanis, 1989):

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice
07:07

Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice

Published on: June 5, 2016

The missing thriftiness.

Taichi A Suzuki1

  • 1Biodesign Center for Health Through Microbiomes and College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Host-microbial coevolution shapes human health. Understanding these interactions is key to developing new health strategies and treatments for various diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Human Health
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • The human body hosts a vast community of microorganisms, collectively known as the microbiome.
  • These microbes play crucial roles in digestion, immunity, and overall well-being.
  • The long-term interplay between humans and their microbes, known as coevolution, significantly impacts health outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the intricate relationship between host-microbial coevolution and human health.
  • To understand how this coevolution influences disease susceptibility and progression.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets within the host-microbial axis.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative genomics of host and microbial species.
  • Metagenomic analysis of human microbiomes across diverse populations.

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  • Longitudinal studies tracking health changes in relation to microbiome composition.
  • In vitro and in vivo models of host-microbe interactions.

    • Main Results:

    • Evidence of coevolutionary adaptations in both human genes and microbial genomes.
    • Specific microbial consortia are associated with distinct health states, including metabolic and immune disorders.
    • Disruptions in host-microbial balance correlate with increased inflammation and disease risk.
    • Identification of key microbial metabolites influencing host physiology.

    Conclusions:

    • Host-microbial coevolution is a fundamental driver of human health and disease.
    • Targeting the microbiome offers promising avenues for novel health interventions.
    • Further research into coevolutionary dynamics is essential for personalized medicine.