Hyper Immunoglobulin E Syndrome With Conjunctival Molluscum Contagiosum

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Immunology
• Infectious Diseases

Background:

• Molluscum contagiosum is a common viral infection, typically presenting with characteristic skin lesions.
• Conjunctival involvement is rare, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.
• Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome (HIES) is a primary immunodeficiency associated with recurrent infections and eczema.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report a rare case of conjunctival molluscum contagiosum in a pediatric patient with HIES.
• To emphasize the atypical presentations of molluscum contagiosum in immunocompromised hosts.
• To highlight the diagnostic challenges and importance of considering underlying immunodeficiency in unusual ocular conditions.

Main Methods:

• Case report of a 4-year-old male with HIES and disseminated molluscum contagiosum.
• Clinical presentation including bilateral periorbital and conjunctival lesions.
• Surgical excision of conjunctival lesions to reduce viral load prior to bone marrow transplant.

Main Results:

• The patient presented with extensive molluscum contagiosum, including rare conjunctival lesions.
• Surgical excision was performed for conjunctival lesions.
• The case underscores the atypical manifestations of molluscum contagiosum in immunocompromised patients.

Conclusions:

• Conjunctival molluscum contagiosum can occur in patients with primary immunodeficiencies like HIES.
• Unusual ocular manifestations warrant consideration of underlying immune system disorders.
• Early recognition and management are crucial in immunocompromised individuals with viral infections.