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Spatial frequency channels implement a mental ruler in spatial vision.

Shijia Zhang1, Lei Mo1, Fang Fang2

  • 1Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.

Neuroimage
|July 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The brain uses a flexible "mental ruler" to adjust spatial perception based on visual context. This ruler

Keywords:
Mental rulerPopulation receptive fieldSpatial frequency channelSpatial vision

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Topographical Estimation of Visual Population Receptive Fields by fMRI
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Visual perception of spatial properties like size and separation is context-dependent, suggesting a rescaling mechanism.
  • Previous research proposed an adjustable 'mental ruler' to explain this spatial rescaling, but its neural basis was unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural implementation of the adjustable mental ruler.
  • To test the hypothesis that spatial frequency (SF) channels modulate the mental ruler's unit length.

Main Methods:

  • Modulated the relative contribution of high- and low-SF channels in visual processing.
  • Measured perceptual distortions in perceived separation.
  • Recorded population receptive field (pRF) displacements in primary visual cortex.
  • Employed computational modeling to link perceptual changes with neural activity.

Main Results:

  • Modulating SF channel contributions systematically distorted perceived separation.
  • Altering SF channel weights caused global displacements of pRFs in early visual cortex.
  • Computational models quantitatively linked SF channel modulation to both perceptual distortions and pRF shifts.

Conclusions:

  • Provides evidence for a neural implementation of an adjustable mental ruler in the visual system.
  • Suggests a rescaling mechanism where SF channel weighting dynamically calibrates perceived spatial properties.
  • Highlights the role of early visual cortex in adjusting spatial perception based on context.